V poskusih na naravoslovnem taboru smo uporabljali nasičeno raztopino kuhinjske soli, NaCl. Nasičena raztopina je raztopina, v kateri je raztopljena največja možna količina določenega topljenca v nekem topilu (v našem primeru NaCl v vodi). Za pripravo te smo potrebovali:
- kuhinjsko sol (NaCl),
- deionizirano vodo,
- bučko,
- čašo,
- tehtnico,
- list papirja iz katerega smo naredili lij.
Liter raztopine smo pripravili s pomočjo naslednjih podatkov:
- gostota raztopine pri 20°C je
Temperatura [°C] | Topnost [g(NaCl)/100g(vode)] |
---|---|
20 | 36,0 |
30 | 36,3 |
40 | 36,6 |
Temperatura vode je bila 23°C. po sklepnem računu smo izračunali, da je topnost soli pri tej temperaturi . (Ko se temperatura poviša za 10°C, se topnost poveča za , torej če se temperatura poviša za 3°C, se topnost poveča za ).
℃……………………….
℃………………………….
Prav tako smo po sklepnem računu izračunali maso soli, ki jo moramo raztopiti, da bomo dobili 1 liter nasičene raztopine:
Tako smo izračunali maso soli, ki smo jo potrebovali za pripravo 1 litra nasičene raztopine. 317,5g soli smo s pomočjo papirnatega lija stresli v merilno bučko in nato dolili vodo do oznake za 1 liter in pričeli z mešanjem. Ko se je sol raztapljala, se je nivo vodne gladine spuščal, ker so se natrijevi in kloridni ioni razporedili v prostorčke med molekulami vode. Zato smo morali nekaj vode doliti in sol raztopiti do konca.
Če bi želeli že na začetku doliti pravo količino vode, bi jo izračunali po enačbi:
In tako ne bi bilo potrebno med mešanjem dodajati vode.
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